Possibilities of the experimental measurement and theoretical modeling of a fluorescence spectrum of a solid-anode X-ray tube are studied. A setup for the direct measurement of spectra of X-ray tubes of different types is created, spectra of a commercial BKh15 Svetlana X-ray tube are measured in wide range of anode voltages and currents. Calculations of spectra using the Ebel algorithm (Horst Ebel, 2006) with the parameters recommended in the original work ensure the satisfactory quality of the reproduction of the measured spectra, but demonstrate some statistically noticeable deviations. The optimization of model parameters ensures the improvement of the quality of simulation.