The distribution of P and Sr in plutonic, dike, and extrusive rocks of the Paleozoic nephelinite series of the Kola alkaline province was studied. For the plutonic series, the highest P abundances are observed in melanocratic lithologies with melteigite compositions, and for the dike nephelinite series, in nephelinites. Strontium shows two types of distribution depending on whether or not melilite lithologies form part of the rock series. Type 1, characterized by Sr accumulation in melilitolites, comprises rock sequences of the Kovdor, Cape Turii, and Salma massifs. Type 2 is represented by the Khibiny Massif rock sequence, which is virtually devoid of melilite rocks. In the latter case, a positive Sr anomaly is observed in the melteigites, which, by and large, coincides with the P distribution pattern for the rock series. The between-type differences in P and Sr distribution in the derivatives of the initial nephelinite melts are shown to result from physicochemical parameters of magma crystallization, primarily, the volatile regime.