Lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets (NPls) attract significant attention due to their exceptional and tunable optical properties. Doping is a versatile strategy for modifying and improving the optical properties of colloidal nanostructures. However, the protocols for B-site doping have been rarely reported for 2D perovskite NPls. In this work, we investigated the post-synthetic treatment of CsPbBr3 NPls with different Cd2+ sources. We show that the interplay between Cd2+ precursor, NPl concentrations, and ligands determines the kinetics of the doping process. Optimization of the treatment allows for the boosting of linear and nonlinear optical properties of CsPbBr3 NPls via doping or/and surface passivation. At a moderate doping level, both the photoluminescence quantum yield and two-photon absorption cross section increase dramatically. The developed protocols of post-synthetic treatment with Cd2+ facilitate further utilization of perovskite NPls in nonlinear optics, photonics, and lightning.