Two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures combining MoS2 and ferromagnetic FePd2Te2 are engineered via first-principles calculations. The heterojunction synergizes MoS2's tunable bandgap (1.66 eV) with FePd2Te2's in-plane magnetism, achieving 3.1× enhanced visible-infrared absorption and 40 % reduced interfacial resistance. Electron transfer from FePd2Te2 (3.935 eV) to MoS₂ (5.265 eV) forms a built-in electric field, driving efficient carrier separation. Orbital hybridization between Mo-d and Fe-d states induces metallic behavior (work function: 4.298 eV), while suppressed energy loss (16.76 eV) ensures interfacial stability. This work provides a roadmap for designing high-performance optoelectronic devices, including photodetectors, solar cells, and magneto-optic systems.