In this paper, the authors report for the first-time results of multi-disciplinary research and radiocarbon dating in archaeological sites covering the period of transition from final Pleistocene to early Holocene in the Mount Elbrus region, in the north-central Caucasus. Basing on these results, dynamics of environmental conditions is reconstructed for different stages of human occupation of this period. The archaeological assemblages are viewed in the context of contemporary sites in the Northern Caucasus.