This article presents data on primary disability at working and retirement ages obtained from a survey of citizens by the General Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise of St. Petersburg during the period 2006–2017. The features of the level, structure, dynamics, and distribution by groups of disability at retirement age are shown. There was a significant increase in the disability level in 2007, with a progressive decline to 2011 and a gradual decline to 2017. During the study period, there was a redistribution of retirement-age individuals who were recognized for the first time as disabled by disability groups—the proportion of individuals in the disability I and III groups increased due to a decrease in the disability II group.