The current stage of the development of society is characterized by an increase in the exchange of scientific information, its greater complexity, and related distortions in its perception and transmission. Complex social public relations, narrow specialization, and a lack of education and training lead to misunderstanding among people. Increased levels of tension and mistrust are expressed in conflict situations and in the creation of obstacles against the use of new scientific discoveries and achievements for the benefit of society. The general causes and mechanisms of the emergence of errors in the perception of scientific information are analyzed. Some biosocial and psychosocial aspects of the formation of public opinion on the example of attitudes towards genetically modified (GM) foods are considered.