Gregory Savich Skovoroda (1724-1794) belongs both to the Russian and Ukrainian philosophy. His philosophical doctrine was only reviviied at the turn of the 19 ^th-20 ^th centuries, which was caused by the ainity of the philosophical searches of the Silver Age (beginning of the 1890s-1922) with the religious and philosophical doctrine by Gregory Skovoroda. In the history of philosophy, Gregory Skovoroda can be considered «boundary igure» marking transition from the Middle Ages to the culture of the Modernity. he article deals with the thinker's ethical doctrine, particularly, with two interpretations of nature: essential and voluntary. Moralizing was the main aim and content of the most works by Gregory Skovoroda. Practical philosophy by Gregory Skovoroda immediately sides with his understanding of nature. Volition, wish (desire), ainity, true man are its basic categories. he main aim of Skovoroda's moralizing is to show the way to the happy life. he essential topic of the Skovoroda's creative work are concentrated in his ethics: ontology, or doctrine of three worlds (microcosm, macrocosm, symbolic world - the Bible), exegetical method of cognition and symbolism, doctrine of nature and category of ainity, the principle of self-cognition and doctrine of the «true man», doctrine of heart and anthropology, eudemonism and problem of reality of the evil and the good in the world. According to the canons of the symbolism Skovoroda criticizes material, corporeal side of the world and gives preference to its spiritual meaning. Nevertheless, Skovoroda remains a religious thinker in his practical philosophy; he meditates per religious canons. For the 18 ^th century Gregory Skovoroda's doctrine had been as archaic as it became relevant at the turn of the 19 ^th-20 ^th centuries.