TY - JOUR

T1 - Contemporary Methods for Functional Tomographic Neuroimaging in Studies of Brain Functions in Health and Pathology

AU - Kireev, M. V.

AU - Zakhs, D. V.

AU - Korotkov, A. D.

AU - Medvedev, S. V.

N1 - Funding Information: However, despite the fact that the contemporary literature contains an enormous quantity of data indicating the possible functional properties of one part of the brain or another and reflecting the spectrum of its functional “spe- cialization,” our concepts of the functional organization of the brain are significantly more modest. Thus, as long ago as 1972, Livanov [11] noted: “It was apparent long ago that the locations of even the simplest cortical functions are not precise, they are always supported by a complex and dynamic system reflecting the interaction of cortical and subcortical systems.” Thus, despite the achievements of the high level of development of state-of-the-art technologies for collecting data on brain functioning, the integrative physiological mechanisms of systems interactions in this organ remain poorly studied and poorly understood. This is apparent in the situation in which, on obtaining a concrete result, i.e., identification of areas of the brain involved in functions of interest, the extent to which observed rearrangements in brain functional activity specifically reflect the physiological mechanisms under investigation remains unclear. Therefore, an essential condition for studies of the integrative physiological mechanisms supported by the Program of the Department of Physiology and Basic Medicine of the Russian Academy of Sciences is progress in understanding brain function and the resulting “enrichment” of clinical Funding Information: The first method consists of using complex, multi-methodological approaches to eliminate the disadvantages of each method and yield mutually supplementing data. In particular, employment of a rational approach to organizing the studies, with combined (and not necessarily simultaneous) use of electrophysiological and tomographic methods, allows locations to be identified and the dynamic characteristics of key components of a functional system to be defined. This direction is supported by the special Program of the Department of Biological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (now the Department of Physiology Funding Information: This study was supported by the “Integrative physiology” Basic Studies Program of the Department of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences. Publisher Copyright: © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2014/11

Y1 - 2014/11

N2 - Contemporary functional tomographic neuroimaging methods (fMRI and PET) have for many years been applied actively not only in basic studies of brain functions, but also in clinical practice. This article considers the main characteristics of the signals recorded and the principles of constructing images, as well as the requirements for obtaining adequate results. The advantages and fundamental limitations of contemporary tomographic methods of studying brain functions are discussed. The need to use complex approaches consisting of combined studies in investigating the brain is demonstrated, and methods for studying the functional integration of the brain are proposed.

AB - Contemporary functional tomographic neuroimaging methods (fMRI and PET) have for many years been applied actively not only in basic studies of brain functions, but also in clinical practice. This article considers the main characteristics of the signals recorded and the principles of constructing images, as well as the requirements for obtaining adequate results. The advantages and fundamental limitations of contemporary tomographic methods of studying brain functions are discussed. The need to use complex approaches consisting of combined studies in investigating the brain is demonstrated, and methods for studying the functional integration of the brain are proposed.

KW - Functional magnetic resonance imaging

KW - Functional organization of brain system

KW - Positron emission tomography

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84921937117&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s11055-014-0013-4

DO - 10.1007/s11055-014-0013-4

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84921937117

VL - 44

SP - 982

EP - 988

JO - Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology

JF - Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology

SN - 0097-0549

IS - 9

ER -