The electrochemical and chemical methods for synthesizing conducting polymer-metal nanocomposite materials are considered as well as the main factors affecting the structure and electrochemical properties of these composites. The experimental data on the catalytic activity of conducting polymer-metal electrodes are analyzed as regards several electrochemical reactions. The approaches to theoretical description of electrochemical processes on heterogeneous conducting polymer-metal electrodes are discussed and examples of experimental testing of performance of the theoretical models proposed are shown. The bibliography includes 335 references.