TY - JOUR

T1 - Complete genome sequence of the industrial bacterium Bacillus licheniformis and comparisons with closely related Bacillus species.

AU - Rey, Michael W.

AU - Ramaiya, Preethi

AU - Nelson, Beth A.

AU - Brody-Karpin, Shari D.

AU - Zaretsky, Elizabeth J.

AU - Tang, Maria

AU - Lopez de Leon, Alfredo

AU - Xiang, Henry

AU - Gusti, Veronica

AU - Clausen, Ib Groth

AU - Olsen, Peter B.

AU - Rasmussen, Michael D.

AU - Andersen, Jens T.

AU - Jørgensen, Per L.

AU - Larsen, Thomas S.

AU - Sorokin, Alexei

AU - Bolotin, Alexander

AU - Lapidus, Alla

AU - Galleron, Nathalie

AU - Ehrlich, S. Dusko

AU - Berka, Randy M.

PY - 2004

Y1 - 2004

N2 - BACKGROUND: Bacillus licheniformis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming soil bacterium that is used in the biotechnology industry to manufacture enzymes, antibiotics, biochemicals and consumer products. This species is closely related to the well studied model organism Bacillus subtilis, and produces an assortment of extracellular enzymes that may contribute to nutrient cycling in nature. RESULTS: We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the B. licheniformis ATCC 14580 genome which comprises a circular chromosome of 4,222,336 base-pairs (bp) containing 4,208 predicted protein-coding genes with an average size of 873 bp, seven rRNA operons, and 72 tRNA genes. The B. licheniformis chromosome contains large regions that are colinear with the genomes of B. subtilis and Bacillus halodurans, and approximately 80% of the predicted B. licheniformis coding sequences have B. subtilis orthologs. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the unmistakable organizational similarities between the B. licheniformis and B. subtilis genomes, there are notable differences in the numbers and locations of prophages, transposable elements and a number of extracellular enzymes and secondary metabolic pathway operons that distinguish these species. Differences include a region of more than 80 kilobases (kb) that comprises a cluster of polyketide synthase genes and a second operon of 38 kb encoding plipastatin synthase enzymes that are absent in the B. licheniformis genome. The availability of a completed genome sequence for B. licheniformis should facilitate the design and construction of improved industrial strains and allow for comparative genomics and evolutionary studies within this group of Bacillaceae.

AB - BACKGROUND: Bacillus licheniformis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming soil bacterium that is used in the biotechnology industry to manufacture enzymes, antibiotics, biochemicals and consumer products. This species is closely related to the well studied model organism Bacillus subtilis, and produces an assortment of extracellular enzymes that may contribute to nutrient cycling in nature. RESULTS: We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the B. licheniformis ATCC 14580 genome which comprises a circular chromosome of 4,222,336 base-pairs (bp) containing 4,208 predicted protein-coding genes with an average size of 873 bp, seven rRNA operons, and 72 tRNA genes. The B. licheniformis chromosome contains large regions that are colinear with the genomes of B. subtilis and Bacillus halodurans, and approximately 80% of the predicted B. licheniformis coding sequences have B. subtilis orthologs. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the unmistakable organizational similarities between the B. licheniformis and B. subtilis genomes, there are notable differences in the numbers and locations of prophages, transposable elements and a number of extracellular enzymes and secondary metabolic pathway operons that distinguish these species. Differences include a region of more than 80 kilobases (kb) that comprises a cluster of polyketide synthase genes and a second operon of 38 kb encoding plipastatin synthase enzymes that are absent in the B. licheniformis genome. The availability of a completed genome sequence for B. licheniformis should facilitate the design and construction of improved industrial strains and allow for comparative genomics and evolutionary studies within this group of Bacillaceae.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=9144273061&partnerID=8YFLogxK

M3 - Article

C2 - 15461803

AN - SCOPUS:9144273061

VL - 5

SP - R77

JO - Genome Biology

JF - Genome Biology

SN - 1474-7596

IS - 10

ER -