Streptosporangium roseum Couch 1955 is the type strain of the species which is the type species of the genus Streptosporangium. The 'pinkish coiled Streptomyces-like organism with a spore case' was isolated from vegetable garden soil in 1955. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. This is the first completed genome sequence of a member of the family Streptosporangiaceae, and the second largest microbial genome sequence ever deciphered. The 10,369,518 bp long genome with its 9,421 protein-coding and 80 RNA genes is a part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.