TY - JOUR

T1 - Clypifer cribrifer gen. Nov., sp. nov. (clypiferidae fam. nov., pterocystida, centroplasthelida), with notes on evolution of centrohelid siliceous coverings

AU - Shishkin, Yegor

AU - Drachko, Daria

AU - Zlatogursky, Vasily V.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/7/1

Y1 - 2021/7/1

N2 - A new family, genus and species of centrohelid heliozoans, Clypifer cribrifer gen. nov., sp. nov. (Clypiferidae fam. nov.), from the Gulf of Aqaba (Israel) was studied with light and electron microscopy and SSU rRNA gene sequencing. Clypifer cribrifer has only one type of scales, partially running up the sides of the axopodia. Plate scales [0.8–2.3 (av. 1.5)×0.6–1.8 (av. 1.2) μm] are flat, elliptical or circular, fenestrated with holes of irregular shape and have a marginal rim and a very short axial rib. The cell diam-eter is 3.9–9.6 (av. 6.0) μm. Molecular phylogenetic analysis robustly places C. cribrifer in the C4 clade for which the new family Clypiferidae is proposed here. This position is confirmed with the short sequences in the panacanthocystid increased regions. The morphology of the new genus has similarities to the genus Raphidocystis. The probability that another Clypifer species was described under a different name in the centrohelid literature is discussed. Clypiferidae represent the second lineage of Pterocystida, which are characterized by the presence of only tangentially oriented plate scales of one type. Possible ways of evolution of the centrohelid siliceous coverings are also discussed.

AB - A new family, genus and species of centrohelid heliozoans, Clypifer cribrifer gen. nov., sp. nov. (Clypiferidae fam. nov.), from the Gulf of Aqaba (Israel) was studied with light and electron microscopy and SSU rRNA gene sequencing. Clypifer cribrifer has only one type of scales, partially running up the sides of the axopodia. Plate scales [0.8–2.3 (av. 1.5)×0.6–1.8 (av. 1.2) μm] are flat, elliptical or circular, fenestrated with holes of irregular shape and have a marginal rim and a very short axial rib. The cell diam-eter is 3.9–9.6 (av. 6.0) μm. Molecular phylogenetic analysis robustly places C. cribrifer in the C4 clade for which the new family Clypiferidae is proposed here. This position is confirmed with the short sequences in the panacanthocystid increased regions. The morphology of the new genus has similarities to the genus Raphidocystis. The probability that another Clypifer species was described under a different name in the centrohelid literature is discussed. Clypiferidae represent the second lineage of Pterocystida, which are characterized by the presence of only tangentially oriented plate scales of one type. Possible ways of evolution of the centrohelid siliceous coverings are also discussed.

KW - External skeleton

KW - Heliozoa

KW - Protists

KW - Siliceous scales

KW - SSU rRNA gene

KW - Systematics

KW - N.

KW - heliozoa

KW - PHYLOGENY

KW - HAPTISTA CENTROPLASTHELIDA

KW - CLASSIFICATION

KW - HELIOZOA

KW - SEAVIEW

KW - systematics

KW - external skeleton

KW - PATTERN

KW - SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT

KW - protists

KW - siliceous scales

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108951470&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1099/ijsem.0.004856

DO - 10.1099/ijsem.0.004856

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85108951470

VL - 71

JO - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

SN - 1466-5026

IS - 7

M1 - 004856

ER -