This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the Barents Sea region – one of the largest shallow continental shelf seas in the world and the most productive sea within the Arctic Ocean. Overexploitation of fish stocks and modification of the ecosystem caused by the invading Red king crab and other alien species have severely affected Barents Sea habitats. Policy options addressing the root causes of these problems are presented along with a discussion of the management of the large quantities of nuclear wastes stored in the area.