Attention-deicit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common developmental disorders afecting a signiicant proportion of children (5 to 7%) (Willcutt, 2012) and is primarily characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention. Attention-deicit hyperactivity disorder remains a disorder with unknown etiology however, multiple clinical observations have indicated that ADHD pathogenesis has a strong genetic inluence. In fact, the genetic component in ADHD development exceeds that of well-established disorders with signiicant genetic contributions such as depression and anxiety disorders (Barkley, 1997 Mill, 2007 Russell, 2007 Swanson et al., 2007). hus, it might be expected that ADHD could be modeled in animals by targeting speciic genes believed to be involved in this disorder. Certainly, a note of caution should be made when attempting to use rodents to recapitulate a human brain disorder with a complex set of cognitive and psychological manifestations. The mouse brain circuitry organization, particularly in the frontal cortex, is not as developed as in humans. Notably, as well, key behavioral characteristics of ADHD such as attention and impulsivity can be investigated in mice only partially due to technical diiculties.