Abstract: The astronomical research performed at St. Petersburg University in the 21st century is reviewed. The main focus is on works published in the last 3–5 years in leading scientific journals. The connection between these works and those carried out in the previous century, which were reviewed in the first part of our paper, is noted. The mathematical aspects of the works are highlighted, which reveals that both the analytical methods (e.g., solution expansions in some basis functions) and the numerical ones (computer modelling, neural networks, etc.) are widely applied. It is noted that despite the generational change among astronomers that took place at the beginning of the 21st century at St. Petersburg University, astronomical research is carried out very intensively and at a high international level, which is evidenced by almost 400 scientific papers published over the past ten years in astronomical journals of the 1st quartile.