Determination of aluminum (Al), beryllium
(Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), manganese
(Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and thallium (Tl)
concentrations in human blood using high-frequency modulation
polarization Zeeman graphite furnace atomic
absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was performed. No
sample digestion was used in the current study. Blood
samples were diluted with deionized water or 0.1 %
(m/v) Triton X-100 solution for Tl. Dilution factors ranged
from 1/5 per volume for Be and Tl to 1/20 per volume for
Cd and Pb. For Tl, Cd, and Hg, noble metals (gold, platinum,
rhodium, etc.) were applied as surface modifiers. To
mitigate chloride interference, 2 % (m/v) solution of
NH4NO3 was used as matrix modifier for Tl and Ni
assessment. The use of Pd(NO3)2 as oxidative modifier was
necessary for blood Hg and Tl measurement. Validation of
the methods was performed by analyzing two-level reference
material Seronorm. The precision of the designed
methods as relative SD was between 4 and 12 % (middle of