TY - JOUR

T1 - Application of glow discharge mass spectrometry for the monitoring of dopant distribution in optical crystals grown by tssg method

AU - Gubal, Anna

AU - Chuchina, Victoria

AU - Trefilov, Ivan

AU - Glumov, Oleg

AU - Yakobson, Viktor

AU - Titov, Alexander

AU - Solovyev, Nikolay

AU - Ganeev, Alexander

N1 - Gubal, A.; Chuchina, V.; Trefilov, I.; Glumov, O.; Yakobson, V.; Titov, A.; Solovyev, N.; Ganeev, A. Application of Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry for the Monitoring of Dopant Distribution in Optical Crystals Grown by TSSG Method. Crystals 2020, 10, 458.

PY - 2020/6

Y1 - 2020/6

N2 - Direct analysis of matrix and admixture elements in non-conducting crystals is a relevant analytical task in terms of quality assurance of optical materials. The current study aimed to develop a method capable to assess the inhomogeneity of optical crystals with sufficient sensitivity. K1−x Rbx TiOPO4 (x = 0.002 and 0.05) and KGd1−y Ndy (WO4 )2 (y = 0.05) were grown using the top-seeded solution growth method (TSSG). The samples were analyzed by microsecond direct current pulsed glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry (µs-PDC TOF GDMS). The data were compared with the results obtained by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM EDX) and spectrophotometry and validated by the analysis of certified reference material. Sample glow discharge sputtering and analysis were optimized and implemented in real samples. Sample coating with a silver layer and sample pressing in the metallic matrix were proposed to ensure effective sputtering for K1−x Rbx TiOPO4 and KGd1−y Ndy (WO4 )2, respectively. Using the designed method, the inhomogeneity of the dopant’s distribution was demonstrated along the growth axis and in the case of K1−x Rbx TiOPO4, also in the growth sectors of different faces. The designed method is applicable for the direct analysis of optical crystal and may be implemented in quality assurance in the manufacturing of optical materials.

AB - Direct analysis of matrix and admixture elements in non-conducting crystals is a relevant analytical task in terms of quality assurance of optical materials. The current study aimed to develop a method capable to assess the inhomogeneity of optical crystals with sufficient sensitivity. K1−x Rbx TiOPO4 (x = 0.002 and 0.05) and KGd1−y Ndy (WO4 )2 (y = 0.05) were grown using the top-seeded solution growth method (TSSG). The samples were analyzed by microsecond direct current pulsed glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry (µs-PDC TOF GDMS). The data were compared with the results obtained by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM EDX) and spectrophotometry and validated by the analysis of certified reference material. Sample glow discharge sputtering and analysis were optimized and implemented in real samples. Sample coating with a silver layer and sample pressing in the metallic matrix were proposed to ensure effective sputtering for K1−x Rbx TiOPO4 and KGd1−y Ndy (WO4 )2, respectively. Using the designed method, the inhomogeneity of the dopant’s distribution was demonstrated along the growth axis and in the case of K1−x Rbx TiOPO4, also in the growth sectors of different faces. The designed method is applicable for the direct analysis of optical crystal and may be implemented in quality assurance in the manufacturing of optical materials.

KW - Glow discharge mass spectrometry

KW - Optical materials

KW - Single crystal

KW - Stoichiometry

KW - stoichiometry

KW - PYROELECTRIC PROPERTIES

KW - QUANTIFICATION

KW - POTASSIUM TITANYL PHOSPHATE

KW - FAMILY

KW - OXYGEN

KW - ELEMENTS

KW - SINGLE-CRYSTALS

KW - glow discharge mass spectrometry

KW - CONDUCTIVITY

KW - single crystal

KW - FLUORINE

KW - PURE

KW - optical materials

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85085942920&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/45a420a3-daca-3590-8506-bcb82e52e01c/

U2 - 10.3390/cryst10060458

DO - 10.3390/cryst10060458

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85085942920

VL - 10

JO - Liquid Crystals Today

JF - Liquid Crystals Today

SN - 1358-314X

IS - 6

M1 - 458

ER -