TY - JOUR

T1 - An automated homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent for the HPLC-UV determination of caffeine in beverages

AU - Shishov, Andrey

AU - Volodina, Natalia

AU - Nechaeva, Daria

AU - Gagarinova, Svetlana

AU - Bulatov, Andrey

PY - 2019/1/1

Y1 - 2019/1/1

N2 - This work presents an automated homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction procedure for separation of caffeine from beverages. The microextraction procedure involved mixing sample and water-miscible deep eutectic solvent (DES, choline chloride with phenol at a 1:3 molar ratio) into a mixing chamber of a flow system resulting formation of homogeneous solution. Injection of aprotic solvent (tetrahydrofuran) into homogeneous sample solution promoted the fine DES droplets formation and caffeine extraction into DES phase separated. The automated homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction procedure was coupled with a HPLC-UV system. The conditions of caffeine microextraction and its HPLC-UV determination in DES phase were studied and optimized. Under optimal experimental conditions the linear detection range and limit of detection, calculated from a blank test, based on 3a were found to be 0.1-200 mg L-1 and 0.03 mg L-1, respectively. The application of the developed procedure was demonstrated in the determination of caffeine in commercial soft drinks samples.

AB - This work presents an automated homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction procedure for separation of caffeine from beverages. The microextraction procedure involved mixing sample and water-miscible deep eutectic solvent (DES, choline chloride with phenol at a 1:3 molar ratio) into a mixing chamber of a flow system resulting formation of homogeneous solution. Injection of aprotic solvent (tetrahydrofuran) into homogeneous sample solution promoted the fine DES droplets formation and caffeine extraction into DES phase separated. The automated homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction procedure was coupled with a HPLC-UV system. The conditions of caffeine microextraction and its HPLC-UV determination in DES phase were studied and optimized. Under optimal experimental conditions the linear detection range and limit of detection, calculated from a blank test, based on 3a were found to be 0.1-200 mg L-1 and 0.03 mg L-1, respectively. The application of the developed procedure was demonstrated in the determination of caffeine in commercial soft drinks samples.

KW - Automation

KW - Caffeine

KW - Deep eutectic solvent

KW - Flow analysis

KW - Homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction

KW - HPLC-UV

KW - Soft drinks

KW - ENERGY DRINKS

KW - PERFORMANCE

KW - VALIDATION

KW - CHROMATOGRAPHY

KW - EXTRACTION

KW - ELECTRODE

KW - PHASE MICROEXTRACTION

KW - SAMPLES

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054468987&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/automated-homogeneous-liquidliquid-microextraction-based-deep-eutectic-solvent-hplcuv-determination

U2 - 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.014

DO - 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.014

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85054468987

VL - 144

SP - 469

EP - 473

JO - Microchemical Journal

JF - Microchemical Journal

SN - 0026-265X

ER -