TY - JOUR

T1 - An Attempt at Systematic Presentation of the History of Political Doctrines in Boris N. Chicherin’s Major Work

AU - Evlampiev, Igor I.

N1 - Funding Information: The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 17-18-01168, St. Petersburg State University). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

PY - 2021/1/2

Y1 - 2021/1/2

N2 - This article examines the classification of political doctrines proposed by Boris N. Chicherin in his major work on the history of political thought. Chicherin uses two forms of systematization for political doctrines: in one, he draws attention to the main element used in explaining society (power, personal freedom, law, or the ideal goal of development); in the other, he refers to the initial level of explanation (rational principles, empirical facts, or a synthesis of the two). This article shows that, despite the great significance of Chicherin’s work in Russian philosophy, his proposed model does not correlate well with the real history of political thought and fails to provide an understanding of the general developmental logic of political ideas. The author demonstrates how a more accurate classification of types of political doctrines took shape in mainstream Russian philosophy, expressed in its final form by Semyon L. Frank in his book The Spiritual Foundations of Society. There are two false understandings of society: “singularism,” in which society is seen as an external combination of ontologically separate persons, and “universalism,” in which individuals are completely subordinated to a single national or universal spirit. Frank calls the accurate approach the “organic theory of society,” where the primary ontological unity of individuals is dialectically combined with their secondary, relative autonomy. This article shows that Chicherin’s main error in his philosophical analysis of society lies in rejecting this ontological unity of individuals as the basis of public life.

AB - This article examines the classification of political doctrines proposed by Boris N. Chicherin in his major work on the history of political thought. Chicherin uses two forms of systematization for political doctrines: in one, he draws attention to the main element used in explaining society (power, personal freedom, law, or the ideal goal of development); in the other, he refers to the initial level of explanation (rational principles, empirical facts, or a synthesis of the two). This article shows that, despite the great significance of Chicherin’s work in Russian philosophy, his proposed model does not correlate well with the real history of political thought and fails to provide an understanding of the general developmental logic of political ideas. The author demonstrates how a more accurate classification of types of political doctrines took shape in mainstream Russian philosophy, expressed in its final form by Semyon L. Frank in his book The Spiritual Foundations of Society. There are two false understandings of society: “singularism,” in which society is seen as an external combination of ontologically separate persons, and “universalism,” in which individuals are completely subordinated to a single national or universal spirit. Frank calls the accurate approach the “organic theory of society,” where the primary ontological unity of individuals is dialectically combined with their secondary, relative autonomy. This article shows that Chicherin’s main error in his philosophical analysis of society lies in rejecting this ontological unity of individuals as the basis of public life.

KW - history of political doctrines

KW - organic theory of society

KW - Russian philosophy

KW - spiritual unity of individuals

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85107595456&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/8d457e78-e6ff-3cfb-a5a7-b87331708b03/

U2 - 10.1080/10611967.2021.1909987

DO - 10.1080/10611967.2021.1909987

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85107595456

VL - 59

SP - 67

EP - 79

JO - Russian Studies in Philosophy

JF - Russian Studies in Philosophy

SN - 1061-1967

IS - 1

ER -