The presentation reviews the problems of formulation of ―objective truths‖ and consistent concepts in Human sciences and the role of African studies in understanding current challenges of the contemporary world. The reasons for the complexity of formulating ―humanitarian‖ truths are
explained, as well as the specific features of the evolution of African studies in Russia are considered. An attempt is made to formulate a rationale for African studies in modern Russia, as
well as to apply the analysis of African materials to understanding certain urgent issues of Russia and at the global scale. Among the ideas and concepts proposed by African studies, the notion of
―multistage heterogeneity‖, multidimensionality of the social phenomena analysis, and the dichotomy of cultural and social phenomena are distinguished. Relying on the above, the problems
of political organization in Africa, Russia and Europe are analyzed, recommendations for solving the problems of cultural identification in the social environment are suggested, and modern humanitarian ―constructs‖ are examined. All these phenomena are analyzed in the context of major globalization processes, primarily, the fundamental revolutionary changes in the speed of information flows. Certain concepts relevant to the modern political discourse are reviewed and the performed analysis demonstrates their mutual incongruity and intrinsic inconsistency.