This work is primarily aimed at studying the reasons for the formation of the synchronous regimes of functioning of neural populations in the central nervous system of human or animal. It is well known that the synchronization of large number of the neurons in the central nervous system plays a key role in the formation of the brain waves. It was also shown that the variety of diseases in the central nervous system are directly related to abnormal synchronization of some neural populations. Nowadays, methods based on the use of electrical impulses to suppress pathological synchronization in certain areas of the brain are being actively applied in the therapy of these diseases. However, such methods are still at an early stage of development and require a qualitative mathematical description, which determines the relevance of the study.