Restructuring in metals due to elastoplastic deformation produced by submicrosecond impulsive shock loading is studied experimentally. Tests are performed on 0.3ZhR iron and N1 nickel specimens with various structures. Structure modifications after shock tests are studied with acoustooptic spectroscopy. The frequency dependences of the longitudinal acoustic velocity and attenuation coefficient make it possible to estimate both the characteristic scales of restructuring in relation to the initial structure and the sensitivity of the acoustooptic method to restructuring in various materials.