The growing interest of oil companies in developing oil shale deposits demonstrated that standard techniques and previously proven technologies is not enough to achieve optimal effect in such complicated formations. 3D geomechanical modeling becomes one of the modern and innovative techniques to achieve high efficiency in exploration of such a unique object as Bazhenov Formation deposits. The paper discusses the construction of 3D geomechanical models in order to make recommendations to reduce the risks of complications during the construction of horizontal wells in oil shale deposits, evaluation of mechanical properties and stress-strain state of near-wellbore space, formation of recommendations for the design of hydraulic fracturing, predicting a breakthrough in the overlying and underlying water saturated / oil-saturated formations, assessment of horizontal stress anisotropy.