We trace the history of forming the legal framework for the regulation of academic mobility within the European Union in the paper. We also consider the documents that are the legal basis for popular academic programs implemented by the European Union. We analyze the main regional agreements regulating the implementation of academic migration within European States. We study the legal mechanisms and social aspects of the implementation of academic mobility programs within the EU and the European Higher Education Area, assess the perception of academic mobility programs by Russian students passing temporary training in the territories of European countries through a special sociological method. Based on the analysis carried out, we make a conclusion on the possibilities and advantages of using the experience of legal regulation of the academic mobility of the EU within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union.