The article deals with the theoretical legacy of Abu-l-Hasan al-Mawardi - one of the most prominent Shafi'ite jurist and theologian who lived in X-XI centuries in Baghdad. Abu-l-Hasan al-Mawardi is the author of a number of works in Islamic law, adab, religion and sociopolitical issues. His book al-'Ahkam as-sultaniyya wa-'l-wilayat ad-diniyya has become classic and had strong influence on the Islamic political and legal thought. The main purpose of this article is to analyze political, legal and ethical views of the scientist.