A taxonomic review of the genus Anatoma Woodward, 1859 in the Eurasian Arctic seas is presented. The new species A. golikovi sp. nov. is described from the northwestern part of the Barents Sea. The species differs from all other Arctic and North Atlantic Anatoma in having a flat spire. We consider Anatoma schioettei Høisæter et Geiger, 2011, syn. nov., a junior synonym of A. crispata (Fleming, 1828). Anatoma schanderi Høisæter et Geiger, 2011 is recorded for the first time from the Siberian seas.