Results of the caryological studies of 15 grasses species (Poaceae) of Altai Krai and Republic of Altai from genera Alopecurus, Beckmannia, Crypsis, Elymus, Eremopoa, Hierochloë, Panicum, Phleum, Poa, Puccinellia, Schizachne and Stipa are reported. The first chromosome data are given for Poa urjanchaica (2n = 84, 91). The data for two species are obtained for the first time in Russia: Crypsis aculeata (2n = 16) and Eremopoa songarica (2n = 28). Chromosome numbers of Alopecurus vlassowii (2n = ca. 120), Beckmannia syzigachne (2n = 14), Elymus gmelinii (2n = 28), Eremopoa altaica (2n = 42), Eremopoa songarica (2n = 28), Panicum ruderale (2n = 36), Phleum phleoides (2n = 14), Ph. pratense (2n = 42), Puccinellia kalininae (2n = 14), Schizachne callosa (2n = 20), Stipa krylovii (2n = 44) are confirmed by the new material. For Alopecurus arundinaceus (2n = 42) and Hierochloë chakassica (2n = 56) we identify new chromosome numbers (cytotypes). The nine cereal species from Altai Krai and Republic of Altai have been studied at first time. The caryosystematics comments are presented. References and brief information on the origin of specimens studied are given. Some comments concerning data published, mainly on recent interpretation of taxa studied, are given.