TY - JOUR

T1 - Петр I и Пугачев: зарождение идеи «народной империи» в творчестве А.С. Пушкина

AU - Евлампиев, Игорь Иванович

AU - Матвеева, Инга Юрьевна

N1 - Funding Information: Аннотация. Анализируются исторические и художественные сочинения А.С. Пушкина, посвя-щенные эпохе Петра I и восстанию Емельяна Пугачева. Показано, что в творчестве Пушкина образ Петра I осмысливается как образ революционного деятеля, подобного деятелям Великой французской революции, раскрепостившего творческие силы России (позднее похожее понима-ние исторического значения Петра даст А.И. Герцен). Анализ исторических сочинений Пушкина позволил утверждать, что, размышляя над образом Петра I, поэт увидел его парадоксальное сход-ство с образом Пугачева. В исследовании этой темы была использована важная идея Ю.М. Лот-мана о том, что Пушкин понимает человеческую жизнь как взаимодействие двух полярных начал – сферы высших ценностей, которую он представляет в образах грозных «кумиров», и иррацио-нальной стихии, являющей себя в виде природных катаклизмов и народного бунта. Было выска-зано предположение, что эта идея справедлива также в отношении понимания Пушкиным обще-ственной жизни. Это позволило утверждать, что для Пушкина абсолютный правитель должен укрощать, вводить в должные границы оба начала общественного бытия – имперскую, безгра-ничную власть и народную стихию – и осуществлять их плодотворный синтез. В исторических сочинениях Пушкина Петр I предстает близким к абсолютному правителю, но придавшему пло-дотворную, созидающую форму только имперскому началу, подавившему народную стихию. Анализ образа Пугачева в творчестве Пушкина позволяет утверждать, что образ Пугачева Пуш-кин создает как альтернативу Петру I, воплощающую стихию «народного бунта», титул «само-званного государства». В результате высказывается важное предположение, что Пушкин мыслит 1 Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда, проект № 21-18-00153 «Идея империи и идея революции: два полюса русского общественно-политического мировоззре-ния в философии и культуре XIX–XXI веков» (Санкт-Петербургский государственный универси-тет). The reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation according to the research project No. 21-18-00153 “The idea of empire and the idea of revolution: two poles of the Russian socio-political worldview in philosophy and culture of the XIX–XXI centuries” (St. Petersburg State University). Publisher Copyright: © 2022, Ivanovo State Power Engineering University. All rights reserved.

PY - 2022/9/30

Y1 - 2022/9/30

N2 - The article analyzes the historical and artistic works of A.S. Pushkin dedicated to the era of Peter I and the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev. It is shown that Pushkin considers Peter I a revolutionary figure, similar to the figures of the Great French Revolution, who liberated the creative forces of Russia (later A.I. Herzen will give a similar understanding of the historical significance of Peter the Great). An analysis of Pushkin's historical writings allowed us to assert that, reflecting on the image of Peter I, the poet saw his paradoxical similarity with the image of Pugachev. In the study of this topic, an important idea of Yu.M. Lotman that Pushkin understands human life as the interaction of two polar principles – the sphere of higher values, which he represents in the images of formidable “idols”, and the irrational element, which manifests itself in the form of natural disasters and popular revolt. It has been suggested that this idea also applies to Pushkin's understanding of social life. This made it possible to argue that for Pushkin, the absolute ruler must tame, introduce both principles of social life into the proper boundaries – imperial, unlimited power and the element of the people – and carry out their fruitful synthesis. In the historical writings of Pushkin, Peter I appears close to such an absolute ruler, but he gave a fruitful, creative form only to the principle of the empire, he simply suppressed the principle of the people; that is why Pushkin draws attention to Pugachev, who, taking the title of the self-proclaimed “people's sovereign”, is trying to tame, give a fruitful form to the people's revolt and thereby demonstrate the necessary alternative to Peter. As a result, the article expresses an important assumption that Pushkin thinks of the image of the absolute ruler as a combination, a synthesis of the images of Peter and Pugachev. It is shown that the idea of a “people's empire” that arose in Pushkin's artistic imagination acquired a completely finished theoretical form in the writings of A.S. Khomyakova and I.V. Kireevsky. The main components of the idea of an ideal monarchy as a form of a communal people's state, in which the monarch serves the interests of the people, and the people give him sanction for power, are revealed.

AB - The article analyzes the historical and artistic works of A.S. Pushkin dedicated to the era of Peter I and the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev. It is shown that Pushkin considers Peter I a revolutionary figure, similar to the figures of the Great French Revolution, who liberated the creative forces of Russia (later A.I. Herzen will give a similar understanding of the historical significance of Peter the Great). An analysis of Pushkin's historical writings allowed us to assert that, reflecting on the image of Peter I, the poet saw his paradoxical similarity with the image of Pugachev. In the study of this topic, an important idea of Yu.M. Lotman that Pushkin understands human life as the interaction of two polar principles – the sphere of higher values, which he represents in the images of formidable “idols”, and the irrational element, which manifests itself in the form of natural disasters and popular revolt. It has been suggested that this idea also applies to Pushkin's understanding of social life. This made it possible to argue that for Pushkin, the absolute ruler must tame, introduce both principles of social life into the proper boundaries – imperial, unlimited power and the element of the people – and carry out their fruitful synthesis. In the historical writings of Pushkin, Peter I appears close to such an absolute ruler, but he gave a fruitful, creative form only to the principle of the empire, he simply suppressed the principle of the people; that is why Pushkin draws attention to Pugachev, who, taking the title of the self-proclaimed “people's sovereign”, is trying to tame, give a fruitful form to the people's revolt and thereby demonstrate the necessary alternative to Peter. As a result, the article expresses an important assumption that Pushkin thinks of the image of the absolute ruler as a combination, a synthesis of the images of Peter and Pugachev. It is shown that the idea of a “people's empire” that arose in Pushkin's artistic imagination acquired a completely finished theoretical form in the writings of A.S. Khomyakova and I.V. Kireevsky. The main components of the idea of an ideal monarchy as a form of a communal people's state, in which the monarch serves the interests of the people, and the people give him sanction for power, are revealed.

KW - Pugachev as a people's monarch

KW - Pushkin's political views

KW - dialectic of history

KW - people's empire

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85139475778&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/42c186e1-762e-35dc-aa2f-4b43d1de620c/

U2 - 10.17588/2076-9210.2022.3.123-139

DO - 10.17588/2076-9210.2022.3.123-139

M3 - статья

SP - 123

EP - 139

JO - СОЛОВЬЕВСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

JF - СОЛОВЬЕВСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

SN - 2076-9210

IS - 3(75)

ER -