TY - JOUR

T1 - Иммунотерапия инфекций, вызванных Candida spp.: миф или реальность?

AU - Khostelidi, S.N.

AU - Serebryanaya, N.B.

N1 - Export Date: 05 February 2026; Cited By: 0; Correspondence Address: S.N. Khostelidi; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; email: Sofya.Khostelidi@szgmu.ru

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - Candidiasis is a mycosis caused by opportunistic pathogenic Candida spp. fungi. The infectious process can manifest as superficial forms affecting the skin and mucous membranes, as well as invasive variants. Since Candida spp. are commensals, a related disease development implies an imbalance between the pathogenic fungal factors and human immune system. Research in the field of immunotherapy of fungal infections is particularly relevant due to the increasing resistance to antifungal drugs. Based on the analyzed publications investigating candidiasis immunotherapy retrieved from thedatabasesPubMed,ClinicalKey,ande-library,wehaveassessedthemaindirectionsandachievementsinimmunotherapy of infections caused by Candida spp., described emerging issues, and outlined future prospects. The development of live vaccines based on attenuated, genetically modified, and mutant Candida strains began in the 1980s and continues to the present day. However, creating vaccines based on Candida recombinant proteins, adhesins, and enzymes represents a safer alternative to live vaccines. A promising direction is the development of conjugate vaccines, in which the fusion of weaker antigens (cell wall glycans) with carrier immunogenic proteins leads to the formation of immunogens capable of eliciting a robust immune response. In experiments, vaccines based on inactivated C. аlbicans along with a genetically Escherichia coli-derived modified heat-labile toxin as an adjuvant have also been studied. The experience of creating combination therapies aimed at combating recurrent bacterial and fungal urogenital tract infections is promising, e.g., the combination of sublingual inactivated polyvalent bacterial vaccine MV140 and sublingual preparation of inactivated Candida albicans V132. An interesting approach involves the use of inactivated S. cerevisiae yeasts, providing cross-protection against infections caused by C. аlbicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Coccidioides posadasii. A search for immunotherapy targets continues, with numerous studies aimed at a deeper understanding of crosstalk between C. аlbicans and human host. Currently, two recombinant vaccines (PEV7 and NDV-3) have successfully completed Phase I/II clinical trials, raising hopes for their clinical use in the near future. © Хостелиди С.Н., Серебряная Н.Б., 2025.

AB - Candidiasis is a mycosis caused by opportunistic pathogenic Candida spp. fungi. The infectious process can manifest as superficial forms affecting the skin and mucous membranes, as well as invasive variants. Since Candida spp. are commensals, a related disease development implies an imbalance between the pathogenic fungal factors and human immune system. Research in the field of immunotherapy of fungal infections is particularly relevant due to the increasing resistance to antifungal drugs. Based on the analyzed publications investigating candidiasis immunotherapy retrieved from thedatabasesPubMed,ClinicalKey,ande-library,wehaveassessedthemaindirectionsandachievementsinimmunotherapy of infections caused by Candida spp., described emerging issues, and outlined future prospects. The development of live vaccines based on attenuated, genetically modified, and mutant Candida strains began in the 1980s and continues to the present day. However, creating vaccines based on Candida recombinant proteins, adhesins, and enzymes represents a safer alternative to live vaccines. A promising direction is the development of conjugate vaccines, in which the fusion of weaker antigens (cell wall glycans) with carrier immunogenic proteins leads to the formation of immunogens capable of eliciting a robust immune response. In experiments, vaccines based on inactivated C. аlbicans along with a genetically Escherichia coli-derived modified heat-labile toxin as an adjuvant have also been studied. The experience of creating combination therapies aimed at combating recurrent bacterial and fungal urogenital tract infections is promising, e.g., the combination of sublingual inactivated polyvalent bacterial vaccine MV140 and sublingual preparation of inactivated Candida albicans V132. An interesting approach involves the use of inactivated S. cerevisiae yeasts, providing cross-protection against infections caused by C. аlbicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Coccidioides posadasii. A search for immunotherapy targets continues, with numerous studies aimed at a deeper understanding of crosstalk between C. аlbicans and human host. Currently, two recombinant vaccines (PEV7 and NDV-3) have successfully completed Phase I/II clinical trials, raising hopes for their clinical use in the near future. © Хостелиди С.Н., Серебряная Н.Б., 2025.

KW - antifungal vaccine

KW - Candida spp

KW - candidiasis

KW - immunotherapy

KW - invasive mycosis

KW - superficial candidiasis

KW - vaccine

KW - adhesin

KW - antifungal agent

KW - bacterial vaccine

KW - conjugate vaccine

KW - glycan

KW - live vaccine

KW - recombinant protein

KW - recombinant vaccine

KW - animal model

KW - antifungal activity

KW - Aspergillus fumigatus

KW - Candida albicans

KW - coccidioidomycosis

KW - Escherichia coli

KW - human

KW - immune response

KW - immunogenicity

KW - mycosis

KW - nonhuman

KW - phase 1 clinical trial

KW - phase 2 clinical trial

KW - review

KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae

U2 - 10.15789/2220-7619-IOC-17696

DO - 10.15789/2220-7619-IOC-17696

M3 - статья

VL - 15

SP - 27

EP - 36

JO - Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity

JF - Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity

SN - 2220-7619

IS - 1

ER -