The study of malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system remains a crucial issue in modern oncology, requiring new approaches to diagnosis and treatment. One of the promising molecular targets for therapy is heat shock protein 90, which plays a key role in stabilizing oncoproteins, regulating cellular stress, and modulating signaling pathways. Its overexpression is associated with aggressive tumor growth, metastasis, reduced sensitivity to therapy, and poor prognosis. This review analyzes publications that address the role of heat shock protein 90 in cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancer. An analysis of 3955 papers from PubMed/MEDLINE, 115 studies from eLibrary, and 2725 publications from Google Scholar was conducted, covering the period from the inception of these databases to August 2024. The findings indicate a significant impact of heat shock protein 90 on tumor progression, its ability to prevent apoptosis, and contribution to drug resistance. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors are being actively investigated as potential therapeutic agents to suppress the activity of this protein and induce tumor regression. Preclinical and clinical trials have demonstrated their efficacy in reducing tumor size and decreasing the risk of recurrence. However, the toxicity and selectivity of the inhibitors remain unresolved. The development of monoclonal antibody-based medications targeting heat shock protein 90 is promising and may provide higher specificity and reduce adverse effects. Further studies are needed to optimize therapeutic efficacy, improve the selectivity and bioavailability of the inhibitors, and identify potential biomarkers of response to therapy. © eco-vector, 2025.