Deut. 32 enjoyed a long history of research presented in detail by P.Sanders. Since then its various verses have been still under consideration elsewhere, mainly in terms of textual criticism based on divergent evidence of the ancient versions of the Bible, i.e. Samaritan Pentateuch, Greek, Latin and Aramaic (targumic) versions, non-masoretic biblical texts from Qumran. Deut. 32:5 is the prime example. It took decades of broadly accepted hypercriticism, including BHS’s apparatus, until BHQ changed the perspective to recognizing MT as the original lectio difficilior and the ancient versions as the result of facilitation and exegetical interpretation: MT “respected the difficult text, but reversed its meaning through the accentual pattern it superimposed, whereas the latter tried to make sense of the text through reversing its word order, and changing the verb to the plural”. Otherwise BHQ adheres to the common interpretation that sg of the verb implies here “His sons”, people of Israel, as its subject. This aw