Changes in the landscapes of the Karelian isthmus, the Ladoga region and Izhorskaya Zemlya over the last 500 yr are examined. Particular attention is devoted to anthropogenic changes to the long-term state of the geocomplexes associated with the different types of vegetation. These are due to changes in the area and types of forest, and the reclamation of marsh land for agriculture. Four landscape types are recognized: ancient cultivated landscapes (forestry and agriculture); landscapes cultivated for a long time with intense fluctuations in the ratio of forest and cultivated land; landscapes not developed in the past but currently undergoing transformation; and recent depopulated areas reverting to forest taiga. -P.Cooke