TY - JOUR

T1 - ПОСЛЕДНИЙ ВРАГ. О НЕКОТОРЫХ РЕЦЕПЦИЯХ ДИАЛОГА ПЛАТОНА “ФЕДОН” В ФИЛОСОФИИ И ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ XVIII–XX ВЕКОВ

AU - Бродский, Александр Иосифович

N1 - Бродский, А. (2022) “ПОСЛЕДНИЙ ВРАГ. О НЕКОТОРЫХ РЕЦЕПЦИЯХ ДИАЛОГА ПЛАТОНА ‘ФЕДОН’ В ФИЛОСОФИИ И ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ XVIII–XX ВЕКОВ”, Filozofija i društvo/Philosophy and Society. Belgrade, Serbia, 33(4), pp. 695–714. doi: 10.2298/FID2204695B.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Plato’s “Phaedo” has taken up its position in European culture primarily thanks to its philosophical arguments for the immortality of the soul and the statement that for a true philosopher it is not enough to be free from the fear of death: one should strive for it. Christian theology adjusted these views so that they correspond to biblical eschatology and reproduced them repeatedly. However, there have always been and still are Christian theologians (including Orthodox Christian ones) who deny Platonic dualism as a world-view completely alien to Holy Scripture. It should be noted that criticism of the “Phaedo” was always wider than the metaphysical question of monism or dualism in the comprehension of human nature; it gave rise to a certain existential philosophy focusing on the attitude towards death. In the Old and New Testament, death is never represented as some wonderful liberation from bodily existence that a philosopher should strive for: it is always horrible. The author of the article considers this problem of attitude to death across three dimensions: metaphysical, phenomenological, and syntactic. Syntactically, death imparts a character of logical sequence to our life, turning the totality of “atomic facts” into fate. The image of fate makes our existence in time meaningful, and therefore becomes an existential phenomenology of the finitude of our existence. But eternal life does not depend on time, it is neither “before” nor “after”, and, hence, it is here in every tiniest moment of the present. Thus, the “syntax of fate” determines the phenomenology of death, and the phenomenology of death determines the metaphysics of Eternity.

AB - Plato’s “Phaedo” has taken up its position in European culture primarily thanks to its philosophical arguments for the immortality of the soul and the statement that for a true philosopher it is not enough to be free from the fear of death: one should strive for it. Christian theology adjusted these views so that they correspond to biblical eschatology and reproduced them repeatedly. However, there have always been and still are Christian theologians (including Orthodox Christian ones) who deny Platonic dualism as a world-view completely alien to Holy Scripture. It should be noted that criticism of the “Phaedo” was always wider than the metaphysical question of monism or dualism in the comprehension of human nature; it gave rise to a certain existential philosophy focusing on the attitude towards death. In the Old and New Testament, death is never represented as some wonderful liberation from bodily existence that a philosopher should strive for: it is always horrible. The author of the article considers this problem of attitude to death across three dimensions: metaphysical, phenomenological, and syntactic. Syntactically, death imparts a character of logical sequence to our life, turning the totality of “atomic facts” into fate. The image of fate makes our existence in time meaningful, and therefore becomes an existential phenomenology of the finitude of our existence. But eternal life does not depend on time, it is neither “before” nor “after”, and, hence, it is here in every tiniest moment of the present. Thus, the “syntax of fate” determines the phenomenology of death, and the phenomenology of death determines the metaphysics of Eternity.

KW - диалог Платона “Федон”

KW - христианство

KW - эсхатология

KW - смерть

KW - жизнь

KW - вечность

KW - страх смерти

KW - метафизика

KW - феноменология

KW - синтаксис

KW - Plato’s “Phaedo”

KW - christianity

KW - eschatology

KW - death

KW - life

KW - eternity

KW - fear of death

KW - metaphysics

KW - phenomenology

KW - syntax

UR - https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1085259

M3 - статья

VL - 33

SP - 695

EP - 714

JO - Filozofija i Drustvo

JF - Filozofija i Drustvo

SN - 0353-5738

IS - 4

ER -