TY - JOUR

T1 - Плохо ли, когда контроля слишком много? Влияние регуляторного фокуса на оценку коротких временнsх интервалов в ситуации соревновательного давления

AU - Gershkovich, V. A.

AU - Moroshkina, N.

AU - Kulieva, A. K.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by RFBR grant #16-06-00376. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 National Research University Higher School of Economics. All rights reserved.

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Choking under pressure is the phenomenon known in sport as errors in the automated motor skill execution that appear under circumstances that increase the importance of good or improved performance (Baumeister, 1984). Several theories claim that the reason for this phenomenon lies in control reinvestment, which provokes skill de-automatization. According to our hypothesis, control reinvestment appears due to fear of making a mistake, because an attempt to check "if the mistake is made or not" paradoxically provokes a mistake (Allakhverdov, 2000; Wegner, 1994). In our study we analyzed the influence of two factors: the "value" factor (regular vs valuable trials); and the "frame of the task" factor (bonus vs penalty). Participants played a computer game "Virtual Golf", competing with each other. In a golf-like virtual scenario, a player had to learn to putt the ball to a hole displayed on the screen by pressing and holding a key for a certain period (2, 4, 6, 8 sec). The value of the target was manipulated during the competition session. In addition, one group was penalized for failing to hit the valuable target, whereas the other group received extra rewards for a hit. The generalized data of the experiment is in line with the theory of control reinvestment, as well as the idea that excessive control adversely affects performance of simple automated tasks. We observed choking under pressure when participants were putting balls in the closest targets (2 sec): participants made more errors putting the ball to valuable targets than to regular ones. The influence of task frame on the time taken for preparation for the trials was discovered: the "penalty" group prepared longer. We also found out that when more time was taken preparing for the shot, more errors were made.

AB - Choking under pressure is the phenomenon known in sport as errors in the automated motor skill execution that appear under circumstances that increase the importance of good or improved performance (Baumeister, 1984). Several theories claim that the reason for this phenomenon lies in control reinvestment, which provokes skill de-automatization. According to our hypothesis, control reinvestment appears due to fear of making a mistake, because an attempt to check "if the mistake is made or not" paradoxically provokes a mistake (Allakhverdov, 2000; Wegner, 1994). In our study we analyzed the influence of two factors: the "value" factor (regular vs valuable trials); and the "frame of the task" factor (bonus vs penalty). Participants played a computer game "Virtual Golf", competing with each other. In a golf-like virtual scenario, a player had to learn to putt the ball to a hole displayed on the screen by pressing and holding a key for a certain period (2, 4, 6, 8 sec). The value of the target was manipulated during the competition session. In addition, one group was penalized for failing to hit the valuable target, whereas the other group received extra rewards for a hit. The generalized data of the experiment is in line with the theory of control reinvestment, as well as the idea that excessive control adversely affects performance of simple automated tasks. We observed choking under pressure when participants were putting balls in the closest targets (2 sec): participants made more errors putting the ball to valuable targets than to regular ones. The influence of task frame on the time taken for preparation for the trials was discovered: the "penalty" group prepared longer. We also found out that when more time was taken preparing for the shot, more errors were made.

KW - choking under pressure

KW - competitive pressure

KW - reinvestment of control

KW - estimation of time intervals

KW - regulatory focus

KW - task frame

KW - penalty

KW - reward

KW - errors

KW - PERFORMANCE

KW - PROMOTION

KW - CHOKING

KW - PREVENTION

KW - EFFICIENCY

KW - IMPACT

KW - SKILL

KW - Choking under pressure

KW - Competitive pressure

KW - Errors

KW - Estimation of time intervals

KW - Penalty

KW - Regulatory focus

KW - Reinvestment of control

KW - Reward

KW - Task frame

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85095735662&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.17323/1813-8918-2020-3-577-591

DO - 10.17323/1813-8918-2020-3-577-591

M3 - статья

VL - 17

SP - 577

EP - 591

JO - ПСИХОЛОГИЯ. ЖУРНАЛ ВЫСШЕЙ ШКОЛЫ ЭКОНОМИКИ

JF - ПСИХОЛОГИЯ. ЖУРНАЛ ВЫСШЕЙ ШКОЛЫ ЭКОНОМИКИ

SN - 1813-8918

IS - 3

ER -