Significance. District therapists are pivotal to the effective operation of the primary healthcare. Their level of professional satisfaction is considered an important factor of workforce stability of medical organizations and quality of medical care provided. Unfavorable working conditions, high administrative burdens, and insufficient organizational support can lead to decreased professional satisfaction, burnout, and increased turnover. Therefore, identifying organizational factors associated with the professional satisfaction of district therapists is an important task for improving workforce stability in state polyclinics. Purpose. To identify differences between district physicians satisfied and dissatisfied with their work, based on key characteristics of work organization, workload, and perceptions of working conditions. Material and methods. The study was conducted from November 2024 to May 2025 using an anonymized online survey. 582 district physicians working in state polyclinics and representing various regions of the Russian Federation participated in the survey. Statistical data processing was performed using the Python programming language. Results. Statistically significant differences were found between district therapists satisfied and dissatisfied with their work across a number of work organization and workload characteristics. Among those satisfied, 48.5% (95% CI: 43.1-53.9%) chose a state polyclinic as their preferred place of work, while among those dissatisfied, only 4.0% (95% CI: 2.2-7.2%), p < 0.001. Organizational characteristics such as allocated time for maintaining medical records, admitting patients on sick leave, and breaks during outpatient appointments, as well as the presence of dedicated medical teams responsible for conducting medical examinations, were associated with higher levels of professional satisfaction among district therapists. In addition, in polyclinics where doctors are characterized by a higher level of satisfaction with working conditions, according to experts, there is a higher proportion of young doctors continuing to work a year after employment (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Professional satisfaction of district therapists is significantly linked to the work organization in state polyclinics. The presence of structured workflow elements, a more rational distribution of workload, and the availability of specialists of key specialties can be considered as factors contributing to increased professional satisfaction and high workforce stability in primary care. Keywords: state polyclinic; district therapist; professional satisfaction; working conditions; workforce stability