The review of literature on strategies of improvement and maintaining of the treatment compliance aimed at increasing the treatment efficacy for patients with chronic diseases is presented. Emphasis is placed on the need for increasing compliance rate in people living with HIV. Practical recommendations for achievement of high compliance rate in antiviral treatment for «difficult » patients were discussed. Publications mainly for the last 10 years in peer-reviewed medical journals and on current Internet resources including elibrary and Pub-Med were used.