In 2018 we celebrate the centenary of the world's first Radiological Institute, founded in Petrograd by the efforts of Professor M.I. Nemenov and a group of outstanding Russian scientists. The creation of a large research Institute, where there were performed not only scientific investigations, but also the active introduction of the latest achievements into medical practice, was an important basis for the further development of roentgenology and radiology in our country. Russian Association of Radiologists was created on the basis of Russian Society of Radiologists in 1919 in Petrigrad.