Introduction: The presence of airborne substances having unpleasant, specific, or irritating odors is the main cause of public complaints. In this regard, it is necessary to improve methods of testing and assessing human exposures to foul-smelling substances, as well as optimize strategies for studying and regulating these exposures. Objective: To develop methods of testing, modeling, and evaluation of foul-smelling substances in ambient air. Materials and Methods: We conducted field olfactometric studies and modeling of ambient air pollution with foul-smelling substances based on laboratory testing of wastewater sludge emissions at sites known as sources of unpleasant odors. Results: Field olfactometry findings helped reveal a potential source of malodor beyond the boundaries of the surveyed area. Ambient air pollution modeling showed that surface concentrations of all airborne contaminants did not exceed hygienic standards at all measurement points located at set distances; yet, the odor threshold was exceeded at a distance of more than 100 m from the facility boundary. Discussion: The discussed olfactometry techniques represent a promising direction for further development of assessment and regulation of environmental exposures to foul-smelling substances. Conclusion: The study results formed the basis for recommendations for improving field odor detection methods and applying the olfactometry criterion in addition to the hygienic criterion for determining adverse exposure areas when establishing sanitary protection zones.