The article deals with the key aspects of the formation and evolution of the “soteriological” elements in Aristotle’s teaching (starting with fragments of his “exoteric” works, such as the dialogues Eudemus, or On Soul, On Philosophy, and Protrepticus) about the rational “part” of the soul of man as his self, its “divinity”, ways of attaining “immortality” (including implicit hints of “retribution”) in conjunction with the doctrine of god’s mind and its correlation with the human “active mind”. The relevant aspects of the Stagirite’s concepts are compared with the “soteriological” elements of Plato’s teaching on the “immortal” (rational) part of the human soul and its fate upon separation from the body in the context of his doctrine of the world soul and the peculiarities of its “structure”. The individual features of Plato’s and Aristotle’s ideas on the essence of virtue and its “soteriological” aspects in the process of human activity are also put in comparison.