TY - JOUR

T1 - «Немецкий вопрос» в Крыму в годы Первой мировой войны

AU - Калиновский, Владимир Витальевич

AU - Пученков, Александр Сергеевич

N1 - Funding Information: The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 20-78-10044 “The Crimea in search of national and religious consent (1783–1920)”. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Saint-Petersburg State University. All rights reserved.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - The article describes the specifics of the campaign that unfolded during World War I to combat “German dominance” in Crimea. Special attention is paid to the ideological component of this process, which, in particular, manifested itself in the confrontation between the newspaper Yuzhnoye Slovo, which was close to the provincial administration, and the newspaper Yuzhnye Vedomosti, which defended the pro-German position of the local zemstvo (county council). From the first days of the war, two concepts were actively used in the Crimean press: the unification of all peoples of the region in the face of danger, and Germany as the main culprit of the war. The latter inevitably gave rise to a negative attitude towards the German community in Crimea. Examples of intolerance towards the Germans and discussions on the “German issue” that developed on the pages of the press are provided. The anti-German campaign resulted in the renaming of settlements. Examples of loyalty to Russia by Crimean Germans are considered. Measures taken in the Taurida province to eliminate German land tenure are analyzed. The local zemstvo organized a deputation to Petrograd, which was supposed to achieve a softening or abolition of the liquidation legislation. At the same time, the right-wing circles saw the liquidation as a tool for the forced Russification of Crimea and the strengthening of state positions in the multinational border region. In fact, the struggle against “Germanism” led to a socio-economic crisis in the Taurida province.

AB - The article describes the specifics of the campaign that unfolded during World War I to combat “German dominance” in Crimea. Special attention is paid to the ideological component of this process, which, in particular, manifested itself in the confrontation between the newspaper Yuzhnoye Slovo, which was close to the provincial administration, and the newspaper Yuzhnye Vedomosti, which defended the pro-German position of the local zemstvo (county council). From the first days of the war, two concepts were actively used in the Crimean press: the unification of all peoples of the region in the face of danger, and Germany as the main culprit of the war. The latter inevitably gave rise to a negative attitude towards the German community in Crimea. Examples of intolerance towards the Germans and discussions on the “German issue” that developed on the pages of the press are provided. The anti-German campaign resulted in the renaming of settlements. Examples of loyalty to Russia by Crimean Germans are considered. Measures taken in the Taurida province to eliminate German land tenure are analyzed. The local zemstvo organized a deputation to Petrograd, which was supposed to achieve a softening or abolition of the liquidation legislation. At the same time, the right-wing circles saw the liquidation as a tool for the forced Russification of Crimea and the strengthening of state positions in the multinational border region. In fact, the struggle against “Germanism” led to a socio-economic crisis in the Taurida province.

KW - Crimea

KW - interethnic relations

KW - Taurida province

KW - World War I

KW - “German dominance”

KW - Crimea

KW - Taurida province

KW - World War I

KW - interethnic relations

KW - “German dominance”

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85134526126&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/8f100323-d82a-3b77-a862-bb57e2f64f37/

U2 - 10.21638/11701/SPBU24.2021.401

DO - 10.21638/11701/SPBU24.2021.401

M3 - статья

AN - SCOPUS:85134526126

VL - 12

SP - 844

EP - 856

JO - Modern History of Russia

JF - Modern History of Russia

SN - 2219-9659

IS - 1

ER -