Buspirone is a representative of an innovative class of anxiolytics (non-benzodiazepine series), used for monotherapy or as part of combined therapy with antidepressants for generalized anxiety disorder, as well as for augmentation of antidepressant therapy. The article is devoted to the buspirone use in the treatment of addictions connected with alcohol, nicotine, opioid. Experimental study results of the buspirone effect on alcohol consumption are presented. The article also describes buspirone mechanisms of action underlying its effects as the additional means for addiction therapy. It is emphasized that azapirone buspirone has little addictive potential, has a favorable safety and tolerability profile, and does not cause withdrawal symptoms. Comorbidity problem of anxiety and alcohol dependence is revealed and complex therapy expediency of such patients is substantiated. Buspirone, a partial agonist of 5-HT1A receptors and an antagonist of dopamine receptors D2, D3 and D4, helps to reduce alcohol consumption, facilitates opioid withdrawal syndrome. It is noted that buspirone has low potential to cause dependence, which may be due to the lack of effect on opiate receptors. It is proved that the effect on dopaminergic receptors of the 3rd subtype can become a new treatment tactics for addiction therapy. © 2023, Meditsina-Inform LLC. All rights reserved.