In recent years, the number of newly detected cases of HIV infection in Russia has been increasing every year. Risky behaviour and mental disorders (not only disorders caused by HIV infection, but also premorbid mental disorders leading to HIV infection are well-known risk factors for HIV infection. One of the mental disorders associated with risky sexual behaviour is compulsive sexual behaviour, which was recommended for inclusion in the International Classification of Diseases of the 11-th revision under the diagnosis of Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder. This review article is devoted to the problem of compulsive sexual behaviour and its connection with the HIV infection. Current data on epidemiology and clinical characteristics of compulsive sexual behaviour are presented. Special attention is paid to the theoretical substantiation of the impact of compulsive sexual behaviour on the implementation of risky sexual behaviour in the aspect of increasing the risk of HIV infection.