The article offers an analysis of social preconditions for emergence, making and development of sociology In China.It is argued that origins of sociology institutionalization in the country had been marked by pragmatic reasons-recognition of sociology successes in Europe and Japan, as well as attempts to use these experiences on the Chinese grounds.Among factors for sociology development in China, following ones are listed:translations by Chineses enlighteners and scholars, activities of missionary scholars, Chinese students and post-gratuate students abroad, government role in advancing sociology. Chinese sociological society had been organized in early 1930th, at this time the first scholars sociological periodicals appeared,applied sociology,too, was developing. Of special import were events in the Chinese sociology establisment during the "Cultural revolution"-a series of ups and downs-up to a complete prohibition of the discipline until late 1970th, when its revival took place thanks to efforts of academic community, youth, party and government officials. In conlusion authors state that Chinese sociology is fully institutionalized today as a discipline. Following focal points of its scholars intrerest are accentuated: studies of employment issues in minor cities, familiy and marital relations, arrangements of social life in rural areas etc. Close cooperation of Russian and Chinese sociologstst,so the authors,joint research and learning programs allow to obtain new knowledge about our societies.The paper is based on Chinese language sources related to the making and development of sociology in the country.