This article is devoted to the analyses of the views of the prominent Russian historian N. M. Karamzin connected with a history of Great Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) before the Union of Lublin (1569) during a period of independently development of this state, because the next period is a separate theme. The authors show that these views are complex and having not a single meaning. We must have in mind that historian himself developed together with his main work: “The History of Russian State”. In the first volume one can notice some lack of knowledge concerning Lithuanian-Russian history, but already in the second volume and in the further volumes he constantly presents for us this history. GDL became in his book one of the main actors of Russian history. And what is more that one can see to some degree a bifurcation of his consciousness in connection with GDL. From one side, this state was an enemy of Muscovy, which took some territories, which had had been the State property of Muscovy. But from an other side, Lithuania itself have united vast Russian lands and transformed in so called “Lithuanian Russia”. Such bifurcation keeps before the rain of Ivan the Terrible. In consideration of a reach historiographies and sources base in Karamzin’s book, we can tell about him as a notable lithuanist. His work is a significant stage in development of Russian scholar in this field, which flourished during second part of 19^th century.