What remembered the inhabitance of Russia about Kievan Rus in 17thcentury? The researchers’ opinions constitute a spectrum: From big interest of people of this century to the common past to the complete lack of interest. The authors analyze the 17thcentury sources in order to restore historical memory about Kievan Rus. Geographically the study covers the lands of Moscow state and the lands of Left Bank Ukraine, which were included in Russia. Various literary sources were considered, including mass sources as well as visual sources: Book engravings, icon painting, monumental painting. It turned out that the mass perceptions of the population about Rus of 9th—12thand more early times are fragmentary and cover mainly the Christian period of Rus’ and exploits of the saints. In the intellectual environment of bookmen, the historical perceptions were undoubtedly wider. The bookmen, however, were more concerned with the recent past or the history of Moskow Rus. In the second half of the 17thcentury the interest to “its own history” increased on the different levels including church service, visual sources, historical writings. In the lands of Ukraine in 17thcentury the old history used in the religion and political struggle. An interest to Kiev as some center of holiness was more in Kievan church metropolis. “Antiquity” of Russia in “rebellious century” was the time of St. Vladimir. In most narratives, both secular and ecclesiastical and both writing and visual, glorified his image and the images of some other saints. But it took another two centuries for the complete recollection of Kievan Rus. © 2025, Saint Petersburg State University. All rights reserved.