This text reveals the opportunities and limits of the theories of consciousness based on philosophical naturalism, radical cognitivism, and the philosophy of common sense. These theories raise several important questions, including the problem of the agent of subjective experience, functions of mind, and the ways to describe these concepts. However, these theories use the existing naturalistic discourse and bring philosophical research to a certain expected result. In contrast to these approaches, there is the project of a continental philosophy of consciousness that is opposite to phenomenology in the research object. The continental philosophy of mind can expand our knowledge by studying the historical development of the mind-body problem, and comparing basic assumptions of the different approaches. As a result, this comparison shows that the solution of the mind-body problem needs not the apologetics of existing knowledge, but its critical revision.