Standard
X-Ray and Multiwavelength Polarization of Mrk 501 from 2022 to 2023. / Chen, Chien-Ting J.; Liodakis, Ioannis; Middei, Riccardo; Kim, Dawoon E.; Gesu, Laura Di; Marco, Alessandro Di; Ehlert, Steven R.; Errando, Manel; Negro, Michela; Jorstad, Svetlana G.; Marscher, Alan P.; Wu, Kinwah; Agudo, Iván; Poutanen, Juri; Mizuno, Tsunefumi; Kouch, Pouya M.; Lindfors, Elina; Borman, George A.; Grishina, Tatiana S.; Kopatskaya, Evgenia N.; Larionova, Elena G.; Morozova, Daria A.; Savchenko, Sergey S.; Troitsky, Ivan S.; Troitskaya, Yulia V.; Vasilyev, Andrey A.; Zhovtan, Alexey V.; Aceituno, Francisco José; Bonnoli, Giacomo; Casanova, Víctor; Escudero, Juan; Agís-González, Beatriz; Husillos, César; Santos, Jorge Otero; Sota, Alfredo; Piirola, Vilppu; Myserlis, Ioannis; Angelakis, Emmanouil; Kraus, Alexander; Gurwell, Mark; Keating, Garrett; Rao, Ramprasad; Kang, Sincheol; Lee, Sang-Sung; Kim, Sang-Hyun; Cheong, Whee Yeon; Jeong, Hyeon-Woo; Song, Chanwoo; Berdyugin, Andrei V.; Kagitani, Masato; Kravtsov, Vadim; Nitindala, Anagha P.; Sakanoi, Takeshi; Imazawa, Ryo; Sasada, Mahito; Fukazawa, Yasushi; Kawabata, Koji S.; Uemura, Makoto; Nakaoka, Tatsuya; Akitaya, Hiroshi; Casadio, Carolina; Sievers, Albrecht; Antonelli, Lucio Angelo; Bachetti, Matteo; Baldini, Luca; Baumgartner, Wayne H.; Bellazzini, Ronaldo; Bianchi, Stefano; Bongiorno, Stephen D.; Bonino, Raffaella; Brez, Alessandro; Bucciantini, Niccoló; Capitanio, Fiamma; Castellano, Simone; Cavazzuti, Elisabetta; Ciprini, Stefano; Costa, Enrico; Rosa, Alessandra De; Monte, Ettore Del; Lalla, Niccoló Di; Donnarumma, Immacolata; Doroshenko, Victor; Dovčiak, Michal; Enoto, Teruaki; Evangelista, Yuri; Fabiani, Sergio; Ferrazzoli, Riccardo; Garcia, Javier A.; Gunji, Shuichi; Hayashida, Kiyoshi; Heyl, Jeremy; Iwakiri, Wataru; Kaaret, Philip; Karas, Vladimir; Kislat, Fabian; Kitaguchi, Takao; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.; Krawczynski, Henric; Monaca, Fabio La; Latronico, Luca; Maldera, Simone; Manfreda, Alberto; Marin, Frédéric; Marinucci, Andrea; Marshall, Herman L.; Massaro, Francesco; Matt, Giorgio; Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki; Muleri, Fabio; Ng, C.-Y.; O’Dell, Stephen L.; Omodei, Nicola; Oppedisano, Chiara; Papitto, Alessandro; Pavlov, George G.; Peirson, Abel Lawrence; Perri, Matteo; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa; Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier; Pilia, Maura; Possenti, Andrea; Puccetti, Simonetta; Ramsey, Brian D.; Rankin, John; Ratheesh, Ajay; Roberts, Oliver J.; Romani, Roger W.; Sgró, Carmelo; Slane, Patrick; Soffitta, Paolo; Spandre, Gloria; Swartz, Douglas A.; Tamagawa, Toru; Tavecchio, Fabrizio; Taverna, Roberto; Tawara, Yuzuru; Tennant, Allyn F.; Thomas, Nicholas E.; Tombesi, Francesco; Trois, Alessio; Tsygankov, Sergey S.; Turolla, Roberto; Vink, Jacco; Weisskopf, Martin C.; Xie, Fei; Zane, Silvia.
In:
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 974, No. 1, 50, 01.10.2024.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Harvard
Chen, C-TJ, Liodakis, I, Middei, R, Kim, DE, Gesu, LD, Marco, AD, Ehlert, SR, Errando, M, Negro, M
, Jorstad, SG, Marscher, AP, Wu, K, Agudo, I, Poutanen, J, Mizuno, T, Kouch, PM, Lindfors, E, Borman, GA
, Grishina, TS, Kopatskaya, EN, Larionova, EG, Morozova, DA, Savchenko, SS, Troitsky, IS, Troitskaya, YV, Vasilyev, AA, Zhovtan, AV, Aceituno, FJ, Bonnoli, G, Casanova, V, Escudero, J, Agís-González, B, Husillos, C, Santos, JO, Sota, A, Piirola, V, Myserlis, I, Angelakis, E, Kraus, A, Gurwell, M, Keating, G, Rao, R, Kang, S, Lee, S-S, Kim, S-H, Cheong, WY, Jeong, H-W, Song, C, Berdyugin, AV, Kagitani, M, Kravtsov, V, Nitindala, AP, Sakanoi, T, Imazawa, R, Sasada, M, Fukazawa, Y, Kawabata, KS, Uemura, M, Nakaoka, T, Akitaya, H, Casadio, C, Sievers, A, Antonelli, LA, Bachetti, M, Baldini, L, Baumgartner, WH, Bellazzini, R, Bianchi, S, Bongiorno, SD, Bonino, R, Brez, A, Bucciantini, N, Capitanio, F, Castellano, S, Cavazzuti, E, Ciprini, S, Costa, E, Rosa, AD, Monte, ED, Lalla, ND, Donnarumma, I, Doroshenko, V, Dovčiak, M, Enoto, T, Evangelista, Y, Fabiani, S, Ferrazzoli, R, Garcia, JA, Gunji, S, Hayashida, K, Heyl, J, Iwakiri, W, Kaaret, P, Karas, V, Kislat, F, Kitaguchi, T, Kolodziejczak, JJ, Krawczynski, H, Monaca, FL, Latronico, L, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, Marin, F, Marinucci, A, Marshall, HL, Massaro, F, Matt, G, Mitsuishi, I, Muleri, F, Ng, C-Y, O’Dell, SL, Omodei, N, Oppedisano, C, Papitto, A, Pavlov, GG, Peirson, AL, Perri, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Petrucci, P-O, Pilia, M, Possenti, A, Puccetti, S, Ramsey, BD, Rankin, J, Ratheesh, A, Roberts, OJ, Romani, RW, Sgró, C, Slane, P, Soffitta, P, Spandre, G, Swartz, DA, Tamagawa, T, Tavecchio, F, Taverna, R, Tawara, Y, Tennant, AF, Thomas, NE, Tombesi, F, Trois, A, Tsygankov, SS, Turolla, R, Vink, J, Weisskopf, MC, Xie, F & Zane, S 2024, '
X-Ray and Multiwavelength Polarization of Mrk 501 from 2022 to 2023',
The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 974, no. 1, 50.
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad63a1APA
Chen, C-T. J., Liodakis, I., Middei, R., Kim, D. E., Gesu, L. D., Marco, A. D., Ehlert, S. R., Errando, M., Negro, M.
, Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Wu, K., Agudo, I., Poutanen, J., Mizuno, T., Kouch, P. M., Lindfors, E., Borman, G. A.
, Grishina, T. S., ... Zane, S. (2024).
X-Ray and Multiwavelength Polarization of Mrk 501 from 2022 to 2023.
The Astrophysical Journal,
974(1), [50].
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad63a1Vancouver
Author
Chen, Chien-Ting J. ; Liodakis, Ioannis ; Middei, Riccardo ; Kim, Dawoon E. ; Gesu, Laura Di ; Marco, Alessandro Di ; Ehlert, Steven R. ; Errando, Manel ; Negro, Michela
; Jorstad, Svetlana G. ; Marscher, Alan P. ; Wu, Kinwah ; Agudo, Iván ; Poutanen, Juri ; Mizuno, Tsunefumi ; Kouch, Pouya M. ; Lindfors, Elina ; Borman, George A.
; Grishina, Tatiana S. ; Kopatskaya, Evgenia N. ; Larionova, Elena G. ; Morozova, Daria A. ; Savchenko, Sergey S. ; Troitsky, Ivan S. ; Troitskaya, Yulia V. ; Vasilyev, Andrey A. ; Zhovtan, Alexey V. ; Aceituno, Francisco José ; Bonnoli, Giacomo ; Casanova, Víctor ; Escudero, Juan ; Agís-González, Beatriz ; Husillos, César ; Santos, Jorge Otero ; Sota, Alfredo ; Piirola, Vilppu ; Myserlis, Ioannis ; Angelakis, Emmanouil ; Kraus, Alexander ; Gurwell, Mark ; Keating, Garrett ; Rao, Ramprasad ; Kang, Sincheol ; Lee, Sang-Sung ; Kim, Sang-Hyun ; Cheong, Whee Yeon ; Jeong, Hyeon-Woo ; Song, Chanwoo ; Berdyugin, Andrei V. ; Kagitani, Masato ; Kravtsov, Vadim ; Nitindala, Anagha P. ; Sakanoi, Takeshi ; Imazawa, Ryo ; Sasada, Mahito ; Fukazawa, Yasushi ; Kawabata, Koji S. ; Uemura, Makoto ; Nakaoka, Tatsuya ; Akitaya, Hiroshi ; Casadio, Carolina ; Sievers, Albrecht ; Antonelli, Lucio Angelo ; Bachetti, Matteo ; Baldini, Luca ; Baumgartner, Wayne H. ; Bellazzini, Ronaldo ; Bianchi, Stefano ; Bongiorno, Stephen D. ; Bonino, Raffaella ; Brez, Alessandro ; Bucciantini, Niccoló ; Capitanio, Fiamma ; Castellano, Simone ; Cavazzuti, Elisabetta ; Ciprini, Stefano ; Costa, Enrico ; Rosa, Alessandra De ; Monte, Ettore Del ; Lalla, Niccoló Di ; Donnarumma, Immacolata ; Doroshenko, Victor ; Dovčiak, Michal ; Enoto, Teruaki ; Evangelista, Yuri ; Fabiani, Sergio ; Ferrazzoli, Riccardo ; Garcia, Javier A. ; Gunji, Shuichi ; Hayashida, Kiyoshi ; Heyl, Jeremy ; Iwakiri, Wataru ; Kaaret, Philip ; Karas, Vladimir ; Kislat, Fabian ; Kitaguchi, Takao ; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. ; Krawczynski, Henric ; Monaca, Fabio La ; Latronico, Luca ; Maldera, Simone ; Manfreda, Alberto ; Marin, Frédéric ; Marinucci, Andrea ; Marshall, Herman L. ; Massaro, Francesco ; Matt, Giorgio ; Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki ; Muleri, Fabio ; Ng, C.-Y. ; O’Dell, Stephen L. ; Omodei, Nicola ; Oppedisano, Chiara ; Papitto, Alessandro ; Pavlov, George G. ; Peirson, Abel Lawrence ; Perri, Matteo ; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa ; Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier ; Pilia, Maura ; Possenti, Andrea ; Puccetti, Simonetta ; Ramsey, Brian D. ; Rankin, John ; Ratheesh, Ajay ; Roberts, Oliver J. ; Romani, Roger W. ; Sgró, Carmelo ; Slane, Patrick ; Soffitta, Paolo ; Spandre, Gloria ; Swartz, Douglas A. ; Tamagawa, Toru ; Tavecchio, Fabrizio ; Taverna, Roberto ; Tawara, Yuzuru ; Tennant, Allyn F. ; Thomas, Nicholas E. ; Tombesi, Francesco ; Trois, Alessio ; Tsygankov, Sergey S. ; Turolla, Roberto ; Vink, Jacco ; Weisskopf, Martin C. ; Xie, Fei ; Zane, Silvia. /
X-Ray and Multiwavelength Polarization of Mrk 501 from 2022 to 2023. In:
The Astrophysical Journal. 2024 ; Vol. 974, No. 1.
BibTeX
@article{079822a5202741d8ba2fef5360ad2b73,
title = "X-Ray and Multiwavelength Polarization of Mrk 501 from 2022 to 2023",
abstract = "We present multiwavelength polarization measurements of the luminous blazar Mrk 501 over a 14 month period. The 2–8 keV X-ray polarization was measured with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) with six 100 ks observations spanning from 2022 March to 2023 April. Each IXPE observation was accompanied by simultaneous X-ray data from NuSTAR, Swift/XRT, and/or XMM-Newton. Complementary optical–infrared polarization measurements were also available in the B, V, R, I, and J bands, as were radio polarization measurements from 4.85 GHz to 225.5 GHz. Among the first five IXPE observations, we did not find significant variability in the X-ray polarization degree and angle with IXPE. However, the most recent sixth observation found an elevated polarization degree at >3σ above the average of the other five observations. The optical and radio measurements show no apparent correlations with the X-ray polarization properties. Throughout the six IXPE observations, the X-ray polarization degree remained higher than, or similar to, the R-band optical polarization degree, which remained higher than the radio value. This is consistent with the energy-stratified shock scenario proposed to explain the first two IXPE observations, in which the polarized X-ray, optical, and radio emission arises from different regions.",
author = "Chen, {Chien-Ting J.} and Ioannis Liodakis and Riccardo Middei and Kim, {Dawoon E.} and Gesu, {Laura Di} and Marco, {Alessandro Di} and Ehlert, {Steven R.} and Manel Errando and Michela Negro and Jorstad, {Svetlana G.} and Marscher, {Alan P.} and Kinwah Wu and Iv{\'a}n Agudo and Juri Poutanen and Tsunefumi Mizuno and Kouch, {Pouya M.} and Elina Lindfors and Borman, {George A.} and Grishina, {Tatiana S.} and Kopatskaya, {Evgenia N.} and Larionova, {Elena G.} and Morozova, {Daria A.} and Savchenko, {Sergey S.} and Troitsky, {Ivan S.} and Troitskaya, {Yulia V.} and Vasilyev, {Andrey A.} and Zhovtan, {Alexey V.} and Aceituno, {Francisco Jos{\'e}} and Giacomo Bonnoli and V{\'i}ctor Casanova and Juan Escudero and Beatriz Ag{\'i}s-Gonz{\'a}lez and C{\'e}sar Husillos and Santos, {Jorge Otero} and Alfredo Sota and Vilppu Piirola and Ioannis Myserlis and Emmanouil Angelakis and Alexander Kraus and Mark Gurwell and Garrett Keating and Ramprasad Rao and Sincheol Kang and Sang-Sung Lee and Sang-Hyun Kim and Cheong, {Whee Yeon} and Hyeon-Woo Jeong and Chanwoo Song and Berdyugin, {Andrei V.} and Masato Kagitani and Vadim Kravtsov and Nitindala, {Anagha P.} and Takeshi Sakanoi and Ryo Imazawa and Mahito Sasada and Yasushi Fukazawa and Kawabata, {Koji S.} and Makoto Uemura and Tatsuya Nakaoka and Hiroshi Akitaya and Carolina Casadio and Albrecht Sievers and Antonelli, {Lucio Angelo} and Matteo Bachetti and Luca Baldini and Baumgartner, {Wayne H.} and Ronaldo Bellazzini and Stefano Bianchi and Bongiorno, {Stephen D.} and Raffaella Bonino and Alessandro Brez and Niccol{\'o} Bucciantini and Fiamma Capitanio and Simone Castellano and Elisabetta Cavazzuti and Stefano Ciprini and Enrico Costa and Rosa, {Alessandra De} and Monte, {Ettore Del} and Lalla, {Niccol{\'o} Di} and Immacolata Donnarumma and Victor Doroshenko and Michal Dov{\v c}iak and Teruaki Enoto and Yuri Evangelista and Sergio Fabiani and Riccardo Ferrazzoli and Garcia, {Javier A.} and Shuichi Gunji and Kiyoshi Hayashida and Jeremy Heyl and Wataru Iwakiri and Philip Kaaret and Vladimir Karas and Fabian Kislat and Takao Kitaguchi and Kolodziejczak, {Jeffery J.} and Henric Krawczynski and Monaca, {Fabio La} and Luca Latronico and Simone Maldera and Alberto Manfreda and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Marin and Andrea Marinucci and Marshall, {Herman L.} and Francesco Massaro and Giorgio Matt and Ikuyuki Mitsuishi and Fabio Muleri and C.-Y. Ng and O{\textquoteright}Dell, {Stephen L.} and Nicola Omodei and Chiara Oppedisano and Alessandro Papitto and Pavlov, {George G.} and Peirson, {Abel Lawrence} and Matteo Perri and Melissa Pesce-Rollins and Pierre-Olivier Petrucci and Maura Pilia and Andrea Possenti and Simonetta Puccetti and Ramsey, {Brian D.} and John Rankin and Ajay Ratheesh and Roberts, {Oliver J.} and Romani, {Roger W.} and Carmelo Sgr{\'o} and Patrick Slane and Paolo Soffitta and Gloria Spandre and Swartz, {Douglas A.} and Toru Tamagawa and Fabrizio Tavecchio and Roberto Taverna and Yuzuru Tawara and Tennant, {Allyn F.} and Thomas, {Nicholas E.} and Francesco Tombesi and Alessio Trois and Tsygankov, {Sergey S.} and Roberto Turolla and Jacco Vink and Weisskopf, {Martin C.} and Fei Xie and Silvia Zane",
year = "2024",
month = oct,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ad63a1",
language = "English",
volume = "974",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
issn = "0004-637X",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "1",
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - X-Ray and Multiwavelength Polarization of Mrk 501 from 2022 to 2023
AU - Chen, Chien-Ting J.
AU - Liodakis, Ioannis
AU - Middei, Riccardo
AU - Kim, Dawoon E.
AU - Gesu, Laura Di
AU - Marco, Alessandro Di
AU - Ehlert, Steven R.
AU - Errando, Manel
AU - Negro, Michela
AU - Jorstad, Svetlana G.
AU - Marscher, Alan P.
AU - Wu, Kinwah
AU - Agudo, Iván
AU - Poutanen, Juri
AU - Mizuno, Tsunefumi
AU - Kouch, Pouya M.
AU - Lindfors, Elina
AU - Borman, George A.
AU - Grishina, Tatiana S.
AU - Kopatskaya, Evgenia N.
AU - Larionova, Elena G.
AU - Morozova, Daria A.
AU - Savchenko, Sergey S.
AU - Troitsky, Ivan S.
AU - Troitskaya, Yulia V.
AU - Vasilyev, Andrey A.
AU - Zhovtan, Alexey V.
AU - Aceituno, Francisco José
AU - Bonnoli, Giacomo
AU - Casanova, Víctor
AU - Escudero, Juan
AU - Agís-González, Beatriz
AU - Husillos, César
AU - Santos, Jorge Otero
AU - Sota, Alfredo
AU - Piirola, Vilppu
AU - Myserlis, Ioannis
AU - Angelakis, Emmanouil
AU - Kraus, Alexander
AU - Gurwell, Mark
AU - Keating, Garrett
AU - Rao, Ramprasad
AU - Kang, Sincheol
AU - Lee, Sang-Sung
AU - Kim, Sang-Hyun
AU - Cheong, Whee Yeon
AU - Jeong, Hyeon-Woo
AU - Song, Chanwoo
AU - Berdyugin, Andrei V.
AU - Kagitani, Masato
AU - Kravtsov, Vadim
AU - Nitindala, Anagha P.
AU - Sakanoi, Takeshi
AU - Imazawa, Ryo
AU - Sasada, Mahito
AU - Fukazawa, Yasushi
AU - Kawabata, Koji S.
AU - Uemura, Makoto
AU - Nakaoka, Tatsuya
AU - Akitaya, Hiroshi
AU - Casadio, Carolina
AU - Sievers, Albrecht
AU - Antonelli, Lucio Angelo
AU - Bachetti, Matteo
AU - Baldini, Luca
AU - Baumgartner, Wayne H.
AU - Bellazzini, Ronaldo
AU - Bianchi, Stefano
AU - Bongiorno, Stephen D.
AU - Bonino, Raffaella
AU - Brez, Alessandro
AU - Bucciantini, Niccoló
AU - Capitanio, Fiamma
AU - Castellano, Simone
AU - Cavazzuti, Elisabetta
AU - Ciprini, Stefano
AU - Costa, Enrico
AU - Rosa, Alessandra De
AU - Monte, Ettore Del
AU - Lalla, Niccoló Di
AU - Donnarumma, Immacolata
AU - Doroshenko, Victor
AU - Dovčiak, Michal
AU - Enoto, Teruaki
AU - Evangelista, Yuri
AU - Fabiani, Sergio
AU - Ferrazzoli, Riccardo
AU - Garcia, Javier A.
AU - Gunji, Shuichi
AU - Hayashida, Kiyoshi
AU - Heyl, Jeremy
AU - Iwakiri, Wataru
AU - Kaaret, Philip
AU - Karas, Vladimir
AU - Kislat, Fabian
AU - Kitaguchi, Takao
AU - Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.
AU - Krawczynski, Henric
AU - Monaca, Fabio La
AU - Latronico, Luca
AU - Maldera, Simone
AU - Manfreda, Alberto
AU - Marin, Frédéric
AU - Marinucci, Andrea
AU - Marshall, Herman L.
AU - Massaro, Francesco
AU - Matt, Giorgio
AU - Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki
AU - Muleri, Fabio
AU - Ng, C.-Y.
AU - O’Dell, Stephen L.
AU - Omodei, Nicola
AU - Oppedisano, Chiara
AU - Papitto, Alessandro
AU - Pavlov, George G.
AU - Peirson, Abel Lawrence
AU - Perri, Matteo
AU - Pesce-Rollins, Melissa
AU - Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier
AU - Pilia, Maura
AU - Possenti, Andrea
AU - Puccetti, Simonetta
AU - Ramsey, Brian D.
AU - Rankin, John
AU - Ratheesh, Ajay
AU - Roberts, Oliver J.
AU - Romani, Roger W.
AU - Sgró, Carmelo
AU - Slane, Patrick
AU - Soffitta, Paolo
AU - Spandre, Gloria
AU - Swartz, Douglas A.
AU - Tamagawa, Toru
AU - Tavecchio, Fabrizio
AU - Taverna, Roberto
AU - Tawara, Yuzuru
AU - Tennant, Allyn F.
AU - Thomas, Nicholas E.
AU - Tombesi, Francesco
AU - Trois, Alessio
AU - Tsygankov, Sergey S.
AU - Turolla, Roberto
AU - Vink, Jacco
AU - Weisskopf, Martin C.
AU - Xie, Fei
AU - Zane, Silvia
PY - 2024/10/1
Y1 - 2024/10/1
N2 - We present multiwavelength polarization measurements of the luminous blazar Mrk 501 over a 14 month period. The 2–8 keV X-ray polarization was measured with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) with six 100 ks observations spanning from 2022 March to 2023 April. Each IXPE observation was accompanied by simultaneous X-ray data from NuSTAR, Swift/XRT, and/or XMM-Newton. Complementary optical–infrared polarization measurements were also available in the B, V, R, I, and J bands, as were radio polarization measurements from 4.85 GHz to 225.5 GHz. Among the first five IXPE observations, we did not find significant variability in the X-ray polarization degree and angle with IXPE. However, the most recent sixth observation found an elevated polarization degree at >3σ above the average of the other five observations. The optical and radio measurements show no apparent correlations with the X-ray polarization properties. Throughout the six IXPE observations, the X-ray polarization degree remained higher than, or similar to, the R-band optical polarization degree, which remained higher than the radio value. This is consistent with the energy-stratified shock scenario proposed to explain the first two IXPE observations, in which the polarized X-ray, optical, and radio emission arises from different regions.
AB - We present multiwavelength polarization measurements of the luminous blazar Mrk 501 over a 14 month period. The 2–8 keV X-ray polarization was measured with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) with six 100 ks observations spanning from 2022 March to 2023 April. Each IXPE observation was accompanied by simultaneous X-ray data from NuSTAR, Swift/XRT, and/or XMM-Newton. Complementary optical–infrared polarization measurements were also available in the B, V, R, I, and J bands, as were radio polarization measurements from 4.85 GHz to 225.5 GHz. Among the first five IXPE observations, we did not find significant variability in the X-ray polarization degree and angle with IXPE. However, the most recent sixth observation found an elevated polarization degree at >3σ above the average of the other five observations. The optical and radio measurements show no apparent correlations with the X-ray polarization properties. Throughout the six IXPE observations, the X-ray polarization degree remained higher than, or similar to, the R-band optical polarization degree, which remained higher than the radio value. This is consistent with the energy-stratified shock scenario proposed to explain the first two IXPE observations, in which the polarized X-ray, optical, and radio emission arises from different regions.
U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ad63a1
DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ad63a1
M3 - Article
VL - 974
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
SN - 0004-637X
IS - 1
M1 - 50
ER -
