New chondrichthyan material from the Lower Carboniferous of Poland, the Urals and the Moscow Syneclise has been described. The studied shark teeth represent two species of the genus Bransonella (Xenacanthida, chondrichthyes) : B. nebraskensis (JOHNSON) and B. lingulata sp. n. The teeth bear a well defined, chevron-shaped ornament, which distinguishes them from all hitherto described early Carboniferous xenacanthids. The possible relationships of Bransonella with the phoebodontids are suggested.