The problem of electromagnetic waves interaction with a “non-Maxwellian” plasma is still insufficiently studied. In this work, an attempt is made to clarify the values of the propagation constants of electromagnetic waves through a plasma, using the example of a homogeneous plasma layer for different EDFs. The Maxwellian, Druyvesteyn, Bi-maxwellian and Pipe-like distribution functions were considered. The values of the complex dielectric permittivity for various EDFs were obtained, and the corresponding reflection, transmission and absorption coefficients were calculated. It was shown that in some cases the form of EDF can have a significant effect on the dielectric properties of the plasma. For example, for some frequency ranges, the values of the permittivity calculated for different EDFs can differ by several times. Considering the results obtained, along with other modifications to the classical theory of signal propagation in the ionosphere, will improve the quality and reliability of communication between aircraft and ground stations, improve the accuracy of positioning of GPS navigation systems and expand the capabilities of satellite Internet.